{
 "dataset": "US municipal websites — keyboard-only traversal",
 "snapshot_date": "2026-09-01",
 "method_url": "https://aifa.works/research/methodology",
 "column_reference_url": "https://aifa.works/data/research-records-SCHEMA.md",
 "measurement_code_url": "https://aifa.works/data/keyboard-traversal-engine.mjs",
 "license": "CC BY 4.0",
 "rebuilt_from": "research-records-2026-09-01.csv.gz, recomputed 2026-09-14",
 "records": 95524,
 "sites": 11902,
 "sites_without_dns": 506,
 "territories": 51,
 "pages_without_field_labels": 52592,
 "pages_with_text_below_12px": 44054,
 "by_verdict": {
  "unmeasurable_or_unreachable": 38328,
  "formally_accessible_but_barrier_in_practice": 21305,
  "partial_focus_or_labelling_barrier": 13972,
  "reachable_by_a_person": 11994,
  "no_dns_record": 3950,
  "blocked": 3609,
  "server_silent": 1290,
  "broken_tls": 874,
  "server_error": 202
 },
 "pages_per_page_type": {
  "payment": 11955,
  "documents": 11945,
  "311_request": 11945,
  "meetings": 11940,
  "jobs": 11940,
  "contact": 11936,
  "calendar": 11933,
  "home": 11930
 },
 "pages_with_any_barrier_by_page_type": {
  "documents": 11029,
  "311_request": 10857,
  "payment": 10848,
  "meetings": 10664,
  "home": 10327,
  "jobs": 10222,
  "contact": 10066,
  "calendar": 9517
 },
 "by_state": [
  {
   "state": "NY",
   "sites": 1249,
   "pages_measured": 10009,
   "sites_without_dns": 8,
   "reachable_percent": 15.8,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 19.5,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 29.0,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 35.6
  },
  {
   "state": "WI",
   "sites": 717,
   "pages_measured": 5742,
   "sites_without_dns": 15,
   "reachable_percent": 14.0,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 21.4,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 25.4,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 39.2
  },
  {
   "state": "TX",
   "sites": 668,
   "pages_measured": 5372,
   "sites_without_dns": 11,
   "reachable_percent": 16.9,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 15.9,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 22.9,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 44.3
  },
  {
   "state": "CA",
   "sites": 580,
   "pages_measured": 4648,
   "sites_without_dns": 34,
   "reachable_percent": 11.2,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 11.7,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 18.1,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 59.1
  },
  {
   "state": "OH",
   "sites": 556,
   "pages_measured": 4471,
   "sites_without_dns": 30,
   "reachable_percent": 10.2,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 13.5,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 24.9,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 51.5
  },
  {
   "state": "MN",
   "sites": 514,
   "pages_measured": 4106,
   "sites_without_dns": 18,
   "reachable_percent": 19.1,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 18.3,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 23.6,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 38.9
  },
  {
   "state": "MI",
   "sites": 502,
   "pages_measured": 4039,
   "sites_without_dns": 16,
   "reachable_percent": 11.3,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 21.7,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 24.4,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 42.7
  },
  {
   "state": "IL",
   "sites": 394,
   "pages_measured": 3153,
   "sites_without_dns": 27,
   "reachable_percent": 10.3,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 9.8,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 21.9,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 58.0
  },
  {
   "state": "FL",
   "sites": 355,
   "pages_measured": 2873,
   "sites_without_dns": 28,
   "reachable_percent": 10.1,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 11.0,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 20.8,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 58.0
  },
  {
   "state": "PA",
   "sites": 339,
   "pages_measured": 2734,
   "sites_without_dns": 25,
   "reachable_percent": 9.9,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 9.7,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 18.3,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 62.1
  },
  {
   "state": "MA",
   "sites": 327,
   "pages_measured": 2664,
   "sites_without_dns": 12,
   "reachable_percent": 10.7,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 13.9,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 14.3,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 61.1
  },
  {
   "state": "AR",
   "sites": 326,
   "pages_measured": 2620,
   "sites_without_dns": 55,
   "reachable_percent": 10.2,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 6.2,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 21.2,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 62.4
  },
  {
   "state": "GA",
   "sites": 321,
   "pages_measured": 2588,
   "sites_without_dns": 14,
   "reachable_percent": 11.9,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 12.8,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 18.8,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 56.6
  },
  {
   "state": "MO",
   "sites": 309,
   "pages_measured": 2474,
   "sites_without_dns": 26,
   "reachable_percent": 11.5,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 5.5,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 20.6,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 62.4
  },
  {
   "state": "NC",
   "sites": 296,
   "pages_measured": 2386,
   "sites_without_dns": 17,
   "reachable_percent": 9.4,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 9.8,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 15.7,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 65.0
  },
  {
   "state": "TN",
   "sites": 270,
   "pages_measured": 2178,
   "sites_without_dns": 16,
   "reachable_percent": 12.1,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 11.7,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 21.9,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 54.3
  },
  {
   "state": "UT",
   "sites": 251,
   "pages_measured": 2019,
   "sites_without_dns": 3,
   "reachable_percent": 12.6,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 13.6,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 18.0,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 55.9
  },
  {
   "state": "NJ",
   "sites": 236,
   "pages_measured": 1882,
   "sites_without_dns": 18,
   "reachable_percent": 6.9,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 10.6,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 19.5,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 63.0
  },
  {
   "state": "OK",
   "sites": 211,
   "pages_measured": 1689,
   "sites_without_dns": 28,
   "reachable_percent": 10.3,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 10.4,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 18.2,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 61.2
  },
  {
   "state": "VA",
   "sites": 209,
   "pages_measured": 1676,
   "sites_without_dns": 12,
   "reachable_percent": 12.4,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 14.8,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 15.6,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 57.2
  },
  {
   "state": "KY",
   "sites": 205,
   "pages_measured": 1640,
   "sites_without_dns": 16,
   "reachable_percent": 7.9,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 12.4,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 21.6,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 58.0
  },
  {
   "state": "AL",
   "sites": 204,
   "pages_measured": 1634,
   "sites_without_dns": 19,
   "reachable_percent": 10.1,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 11.7,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 26.5,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 51.7
  },
  {
   "state": "NH",
   "sites": 199,
   "pages_measured": 1592,
   "sites_without_dns": 11,
   "reachable_percent": 9.9,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 15.1,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 17.5,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 57.5
  },
  {
   "state": "WA",
   "sites": 188,
   "pages_measured": 1512,
   "sites_without_dns": 10,
   "reachable_percent": 12.2,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 16.4,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 16.7,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 54.8
  },
  {
   "state": "CO",
   "sites": 173,
   "pages_measured": 1385,
   "sites_without_dns": 9,
   "reachable_percent": 11.7,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 16.4,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 21.3,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 50.6
  },
  {
   "state": "KS",
   "sites": 170,
   "pages_measured": 1363,
   "sites_without_dns": 8,
   "reachable_percent": 11.6,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 12.3,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 24.1,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 52.1
  },
  {
   "state": "OR",
   "sites": 167,
   "pages_measured": 1339,
   "sites_without_dns": 3,
   "reachable_percent": 9.3,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 14.9,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 15.2,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 60.5
  },
  {
   "state": "IA",
   "sites": 162,
   "pages_measured": 1309,
   "sites_without_dns": 4,
   "reachable_percent": 10.2,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 14.7,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 24.8,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 50.3
  },
  {
   "state": "CT",
   "sites": 156,
   "pages_measured": 1247,
   "sites_without_dns": 3,
   "reachable_percent": 12.0,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 18.9,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 16.7,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 52.4
  },
  {
   "state": "IN",
   "sites": 137,
   "pages_measured": 1100,
   "sites_without_dns": 1,
   "reachable_percent": 12.5,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 15.9,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 28.7,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 42.8
  },
  {
   "state": "NE",
   "sites": 129,
   "pages_measured": 1034,
   "sites_without_dns": 2,
   "reachable_percent": 8.6,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 13.8,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 25.7,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 51.8
  },
  {
   "state": "MS",
   "sites": 122,
   "pages_measured": 977,
   "sites_without_dns": 2,
   "reachable_percent": 12.0,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 7.9,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 26.0,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 54.1
  },
  {
   "state": "SC",
   "sites": 119,
   "pages_measured": 951,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 14.2,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 12.5,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 26.0,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 47.3
  },
  {
   "state": "ME",
   "sites": 118,
   "pages_measured": 944,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 13.1,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 18.2,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 27.1,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 41.5
  },
  {
   "state": "AZ",
   "sites": 114,
   "pages_measured": 914,
   "sites_without_dns": 1,
   "reachable_percent": 20.2,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 13.1,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 18.9,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 47.7
  },
  {
   "state": "MD",
   "sites": 106,
   "pages_measured": 850,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 12.8,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 21.9,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 25.4,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 39.9
  },
  {
   "state": "WV",
   "sites": 106,
   "pages_measured": 841,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 9.3,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 10.2,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 23.8,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 56.7
  },
  {
   "state": "LA",
   "sites": 89,
   "pages_measured": 712,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 11.9,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 14.3,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 26.1,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 47.6
  },
  {
   "state": "MT",
   "sites": 82,
   "pages_measured": 656,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 16.8,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 11.0,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 22.6,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 49.7
  },
  {
   "state": "VT",
   "sites": 82,
   "pages_measured": 656,
   "sites_without_dns": 1,
   "reachable_percent": 18.6,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 17.4,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 28.2,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 35.8
  },
  {
   "state": "ID",
   "sites": 77,
   "pages_measured": 608,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 13.8,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 15.5,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 20.6,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 50.2
  },
  {
   "state": "NM",
   "sites": 72,
   "pages_measured": 576,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 17.0,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 20.1,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 25.5,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 37.3
  },
  {
   "state": "WY",
   "sites": 56,
   "pages_measured": 440,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 16.1,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 18.6,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 23.4,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 41.8
  },
  {
   "state": "RI",
   "sites": 47,
   "pages_measured": 376,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 16.8,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 22.9,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 26.3,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 34.0
  },
  {
   "state": "SD",
   "sites": 46,
   "pages_measured": 368,
   "sites_without_dns": 1,
   "reachable_percent": 18.8,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 16.8,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 30.4,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 34.0
  },
  {
   "state": "ND",
   "sites": 46,
   "pages_measured": 369,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 14.1,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 14.6,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 22.0,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 49.3
  },
  {
   "state": "AK",
   "sites": 34,
   "pages_measured": 272,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 11.4,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 16.2,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 16.5,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 55.9
  },
  {
   "state": "NV",
   "sites": 32,
   "pages_measured": 264,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 9.5,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 18.2,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 14.4,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 58.0
  },
  {
   "state": "DE",
   "sites": 19,
   "pages_measured": 152,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 27.0,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 14.5,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 17.8,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 40.8
  },
  {
   "state": "HI",
   "sites": 11,
   "pages_measured": 88,
   "sites_without_dns": 2,
   "reachable_percent": 13.6,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 2.3,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 37.5,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 46.6
  },
  {
   "state": "PR",
   "sites": 4,
   "pages_measured": 32,
   "sites_without_dns": 0,
   "reachable_percent": 0.0,
   "partial_barrier_percent": 0.0,
   "goal_not_reached_percent": 3.1,
   "unmeasurable_percent": 96.9
  }
 ],
 "by_page_type_detail": [
  {
   "page_type": "home",
   "measurable_traversals": 6341,
   "reached_goal_cleanly_percent": 25.3,
   "reached_but_focus_or_labels_missing_percent": 27.9,
   "mean_tab_steps_when_clean": 4.8
  },
  {
   "page_type": "contact",
   "measurable_traversals": 6011,
   "reached_goal_cleanly_percent": 31.1,
   "reached_but_focus_or_labels_missing_percent": 40.1,
   "mean_tab_steps_when_clean": 5.6
  },
  {
   "page_type": "calendar",
   "measurable_traversals": 5911,
   "reached_goal_cleanly_percent": 40.9,
   "reached_but_focus_or_labels_missing_percent": 24.2,
   "mean_tab_steps_when_clean": 4.1
  },
  {
   "page_type": "jobs",
   "measurable_traversals": 5819,
   "reached_goal_cleanly_percent": 29.5,
   "reached_but_focus_or_labels_missing_percent": 15.2,
   "mean_tab_steps_when_clean": 4.5
  },
  {
   "page_type": "payment",
   "measurable_traversals": 5817,
   "reached_goal_cleanly_percent": 19.0,
   "reached_but_focus_or_labels_missing_percent": 38.9,
   "mean_tab_steps_when_clean": 11.9
  },
  {
   "page_type": "meetings",
   "measurable_traversals": 5815,
   "reached_goal_cleanly_percent": 21.9,
   "reached_but_focus_or_labels_missing_percent": 40.1,
   "mean_tab_steps_when_clean": 9.6
  },
  {
   "page_type": "documents",
   "measurable_traversals": 5807,
   "reached_goal_cleanly_percent": 15.8,
   "reached_but_focus_or_labels_missing_percent": 28.4,
   "mean_tab_steps_when_clean": 9.7
  },
  {
   "page_type": "311_request",
   "measurable_traversals": 5750,
   "reached_goal_cleanly_percent": 18.9,
   "reached_but_focus_or_labels_missing_percent": 21.5,
   "mean_tab_steps_when_clean": 7.2
  }
 ],
 "field_glossary": {
  "reached_goal_cleanly_percent": "share of measurable traversals where the goal was reached AND the focus ring stayed visible AND fields were labelled",
  "reached_but_focus_or_labels_missing_percent": "share where the goal WAS reached but the focus ring was removed or fields lacked labels - a barrier a rule-checker does not see",
  "goal_not_reached_percent": "share where the page opened but the goal was not reached within 40 Tab presses",
  "mean_tab_steps_when_clean": "average number of Tab presses spent on traversals counted as clean",
  "pages_with_text_below_12px": "coarse proxy for small text met on the way; NOT a WCAG contrast ratio",
  "sites": "distinct host names after folding www.example.gov into example.gov (11923 host names with www kept separate)"
 },
 "renamed_from": {
  "pages_per_page_type": "by_page_type",
  "pages_with_any_barrier_by_page_type": "barrier_by_page_type",
  "pages_with_text_below_12px": "pages_with_poor_contrast",
  "by_page_type_detail": "by_page_detail, Russian keys тип/измеримых/дошёл/фокус/шагов",
  "by_state": "by_state, Russian keys к/сайтов/страниц/мёртвых/доступно/частично/барьер/неизмеримо"
 },
 "known_limits": {
  "reproducibility_by_verdict_percent": 96,
  "reproducibility_by_violation_count_percent": 89.9,
  "note": "Verdicts describe the moment of measurement. Timeouts and silent servers reproduce in 55-61% of repeats.",
  "disagreement_rate": {
   "definition": "pages where the checker was clean AND the traversal was measurable, on which a person still hit a barrier",
   "barrier_pages": 13972,
   "checker_clean_measurable_pages": 25966,
   "percent": 53.8,
   "of_those_focus_ring_removed": 11436,
   "not_a_claim": "this is NOT a claim that 53.8% of municipal sites are inaccessible"
  }
 }
}